Ihe kachasị mkpa endocrine glands bụ:
• Pituitary gland;
• Ụkwụ gịroid;
• parathyroid glands;
• endocrine akụkụ nke pancreas;
• ebe mmiri na-adrenal;
• Glands (ovaries n'ime nwanyi na testicles n'ime nwoke).
Ọrụ nke homonụ
Ọrụ nke endocrine glands bụ na ntọhapụ nke homonụ kpọmkwem n'ime ọbara. Hụmone dị iche iche nwere ike ịbụ nke dị iche iche nke chemicals. Ha na-akwagharị na ọbara ugbu a, na-achịkwa ọrụ nke akụkụ ndị a na-eche. Mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ nke akụkụ ndị a nwere ndị nabatara nke ọma na otu hormone. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu n'ime homonụ na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ dị nro na-emepụta ihe mgbaàmà - adenosine monophosphate cyclic (cAMP), nke na-emetụta usoro nke njikọ protein, nchekwa na nchekwa nke ike, yana mmepụta nke ọzọ homonụ. Onye obula nke endocrin glands na - emeputa homoni nke na - aru oru n'ime aru.
• Gland gị
Nzaghachi tumadi maka iwu nke ike metabolism, na-emepụta homonia thyroxine na triiodothyronine.
• Parathyroid glands
Ha na-emepụta hormone parathyroid, nke gụnyere iwu nke calcium metabolism.
• Pancreas
Isi ọrụ nke pancreas bụ mmepụta nke enzymes digestive. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ na-emepụta insulin na glucagon hormones.
• Gland
A na-akpọ akwa oyi akwa nke adrenals cortex. Ọ na-emepụta hormones corticosteroid, gụnyere aldosterone (gụnyere iwu nke nnu salt-metabolism) na hydrocortisone (na-etinye aka na usoro nke mmepe na nke anụ ahụ). Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, cortex na-emepụta hormones na nwoke na nwanyi (androgens na estrogens). Akụkụ dị n'ime akụkụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ ụbụrụ ụbụrụ, bụ maka mmepụta nke adrenaline na norepinephrine. Njikọ aka nke hormonụ abụọ a na-enye aka na mmụba nke obi, na-abawanye n'ọbara glucose ọbara na mmịnye ọbara nye uru. Ịgabiga oke ókè ma ọ bụ enweghị homonụ nwere ike iduga ọrịa ndị siri ike, ọrịa mmepe ma ọ bụ ọnwụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu maka mmepụta nke hormones (ọnụ ọgụgụ na ụda nke excretion) site usoro usoro ụbụrụ.
Ọ bụ gọọmenti
Akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-eme ka ụbụrụ dị na ụbụrụ ma nwee ihe karịrị 20 homonụ. Họnụm ndị a na-arụ ọrụ nzuzo nke ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ endocrine. Pituitary gland nwere abụọ lobes. Akụkụ ihu (adenohypophysis) na-emepụta homonụ nke na-achịkwa ọrụ nke ndị ọzọ endocrine glands.
Ihe kacha mkpa homonụ nke pituitary gland bụ:
• hormone ọgwụ na-akpali akpali (TTG) - na-akpali mmepụta nke thyroxine site na mmiri ọgwụ thyroid;
• hormonon adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - na - eme ka mmepụta homonụ dị site na gland adrenal;
• hormone na-akpali akpali (FSH) na hormone luteinizing (LH) - na-akpali ọrụ nke ovaries na testes;
• Mmiri na-eto eto (HHG).
Obere ihe na-egbuke egbuke
Akuku nke akụkụ ahụ (neurohypophysis) bụ maka ọrụ na ntọhapụ nke homonụ emepụtara na hypothalamus:
• vasopressin, ma ọ bụ hormoni antidiuretic (ADH), - na - achịkwa olu nke mmịpụta mepụtara, si otú ahụ na-ekere òkè n'ichebe nnu mmiri-nnu;
• oxytocin - na - emetụta ahụ ike nke akpanwa na ọrụ nke glands mammary, na - ekere òkè n'usoro nnyefe na lactation.
Usoro, a na-akpọ usoro nzaghachi, na-enye pituitary aka ịchọpụta mgbe ọ dị mkpa iji wepụ hormones nke na-akpali gland kwekọrọ. Ihe atụ nke njide onwe onye n'ihi nzaghachi bụ mmetụta nke hormones pituitary na nzuzo nke thyroxin. Mụbara thyroxine mmepụta site thyroid gland na-eduga ná suppression nke pituitary thyroid-na-akpali akpali hormone (TSH) mmepụta. Ọrụ nke TSH bụ ịmepụta mmepụta nke thyroxine site na mmiri ọgwụ thyroid. Mbelata na ọkwa nke TSH na-eduga n'ịbelata mmepụta nke thyroxine. Ozugbo nsogbu ya na-adaba na glands ọ na-aza site na ịba ụba mmepụta nke TSH, nke na-eme ka nrụzi nke nrụrụ gịroxine dị na ahụ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe nile. Usoro nzaghachi na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru akara nke hypothalamus, nke na-enweta ozi sitere na usoro endocrine na ụjọ. Dabere na ozi a, hypothalamus zoro ezo na peptides na-achịkwa, nke ahụ na-abanye na gọọmenti ahụ.